.NET is a software development framework created by Microsoft. It provides a controlled environment for developing and running applications. The framework supports the building and running of applications for web, Windows, mobile, cloud, and more. Here’s an overview of the key components and features of the .NET framework:
Key Components of .NET
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
The CLR is the execution engine for .NET applications. It provides services like memory management, exception handling, and garbage collection. The CLR ensures that .NET applications execute in a secure and efficient manner.
Framework Class Library (FCL)
The FCL is a comprehensive collection of reusable classes, interfaces, and value types. It provides essential functionalities such as file reading and writing, database interaction, XML document manipulation, and more. The FCL is a core part of the .NET framework, enabling developers to build applications without having to write common functionalities from scratch.
Languages
.NET supports multiple programming languages, the most notable being C#, F#, and Visual Basic (VB.NET). This multi-language support allows developers to choose the language that best suits their needs while leveraging the same underlying framework.
ASP.NET
ASP.NET is a subset of the .NET framework used for building dynamic web applications. It includes tools and libraries for building web-based applications and services. ASP.NET supports MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture, which facilitates a clear separation of concerns and more manageable code.
ADO.NET
ADO.NET is a set of classes that expose data access services for .NET Framework programmers. It provides a bridge between the front-end controls and the back-end database, enabling applications to connect to and interact with databases like SQL Server, Oracle, and others.
Entity Framework
Entity Framework (EF) is an ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) for .NET. It enables developers to work with data using domain-specific objects, eliminating the need for most of the data-access code that developers usually need to write.
Xamarin
Xamarin is a set of tools for developing cross-platform mobile applications using .NET and C#. With Xamarin, you can build native applications for Android, iOS, and Windows using a shared codebase.
.NET Core and .NET 5/6+
.NET Core is a cross-platform, open-source framework designed for modern application development. It's a modular and lightweight version of .NET Framework. As of .NET 5, Microsoft unified .NET Core and the traditional .NET Framework into a single platform, now simply called .NET. .NET 6 and subsequent versions continue to build on this unified platform, offering new features and performance improvement

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